Multiple Myeloma Database

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This page gives you biomarkers data for MM reported in different studies.
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Biomarker Biomolecule Subject Regulation Type Experiment Significance Source Cohort Pubmed ID Methods used Tools used
miR-134-5p miRNA human downregulated Diagnostic MM patients vs healthy controls (HC) P < 0.05 urine For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used. 33068078 microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
miR-6500-5p miRNA human downregulated Diagnostic MM patients vs healthy controls (HC) P < 0.06 urine For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used. 33068078 microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
miR-548q miRNA human downregulated Diagnostic MM patients vs healthy controls (HC) P < 0.07 urine For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used. 33068078 microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
miR-548y miRNA human downregulated Diagnostic MM patients vs healthy controls (HC) P < 0.08 urine For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used. 33068078 microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
DKK1 Protein human upregulated Prognostic and Predictive Progression-free survival vs chemotherapy P < 0.0001 serum 69 patients who reached Complete Response after chemotherapy and relapsed 28993177 ELISA Kits, Pearson’s R correlation test, Spearman’s rho, Wilcoxon test STATA IC 12.1, R
Sclerostin Protein human upregulated Prognostic and Predictive Progression-free survival vs chemotherapy P < 0.0001 serum 69 patients who reached Complete Response after chemotherapy and relapsed 28993177 ELISA Kits, Pearson’s R correlation test, Spearman’s rho, Wilcoxon test STATA IC 12.1, R
EZH2 Protein(Enzyme) human upregulated Prognostic EZH2 Overexpression vs Normal EZH2 Expression P < 0.001 CoMMpass databse 768 EZH2 expression data at MM diagnosis. 31551170 Whole genome/exome sequencing, bivariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression analyses, CoMMpass databse, SAS 9.3
miR-720 miRNA human upregulated Diagnostic Normal healthy controls (N) vs Normal hospitalised controls (NH) vs MGUS patients (MG) vs Myeloma patients (M) P < 0.001 serum 13 Normal healthy controls (N), 20 Normal hospitalised controls (NH), 15 MGUS patients (MG), 24 Myeloma patients (M) 23169280 Agilent Human miRNA 8*15K Microarrays, TaqMan qRT–PCR assays, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post test, NA
miR-1308 miRNA human downregulated Diagnostic Normal healthy controls (N) vs Normal hospitalised controls (NH) vs MGUS patients (MG) vs Myeloma patients (M) P < 0.01 serum 14 Normal healthy controls (N), 20 Normal hospitalised controls (NH), 15 MGUS patients (MG), 24 Myeloma patients (M) 23169280 Agilent Human miRNA 8*15K Microarrays, TaqMan qRT–PCR assays, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post test, NA
miR‐107 miRNA human downregulated Diagnostic MM patients vs MUGS patients vs healthy controls (HC) P < 0.01 blood 23 MM, 16 MUGS, and 18 HC samples 32039495 microarray analysis, qRT‐PCR, Student's t test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses, Spearman bivariate t test Agilent Human (Release 21.0)
miR‐15a‐5p miRNA human upregulated Diagnostic MM patients vs MUGS patients vs healthy controls (HC) P < 0.05 blood 23 MM, 16 MUGS, and 18 HC samples 32039495 microarray analysis, qRT‐PCR, Student's t test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses, Spearman bivariate t test Agilent Human (Release 21.0)
UCHL1 Protein(Enzyme) human upregulated Prognostic high levels of UCHL1 vs low levels of UCHL1 treated with Dexamethasone P < 0.0024 GSE2658, GSE9782, GSE24746 and GSE29148 from Gene Expression Omnibus 351 patients for Dexamethasone study 26513019 microarray analysis, Cox proportional hazards analysis, Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, Pearson's r test GraphPad Prism software
apolipoprotein A1 Protein human downregulated Prognostic myeloma group was lower than that in the normal control group P <0.05 blood 412 patients 32942823 immunoturbidimetry endpoint detection method, t-test, a Mann-Whitney U test, a one-way ANOVA SPSS version 22.0
TUG1 lncRNA human upregulated Diagnostic P < 0.001 serum 110 MM patients and 98 healthy control 31647962 RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), GSE5900 and GSE116294 data sets, independent sample t tests, with one-way analyses of variance and x2 tests, Logistic regression analyses DVIA2400, SPSS version 22.0
CTX-1 Telopeptide human upregulated Prognostic Newly diagnosed MM patients vs Healthy Control P < 0·0001 blood 86 myeloma patients 26787413 Biochemical Analysis, unpaired Student's t-test Roche e411 immunoassay analyser, Graphpad PRISM 6 software
hsa_circ_0007841 circRNA human upregulated Prognostic Normal human mononuclear cell line THP-1 and MM cell lines KM3, U266, and RPMI-8226 and MM patients P <0.05 bone marrow 86 MM patients 31803627 Quantitative RT-PCR, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, chi-squared test Arraystar Human circRNA Array V2, Agilent Scanner G2505C, Cytoscape 3.01, SPSS 20.0
hsa_circ_0000190 circRNA human downregulated Prognostic The MM cell lines MM.1S, NCI-H929 and MM patients (P < 0.001 bone marrow tissues and peripheral blood 47 MM patients 30728056 smFISH, Cell proliferation assay, luciferase assay, Flow cytometry, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Animal experimental model, ANOVA SPSS 19.0
circITCH circRNA human downregulated Prognostic MM cell lines (U-266, NCI-H929 and RPMI 8226) bone marrow 56 healthy and 56 MM patients 33031827 qRT-PCR, Cell viability assay, flow cytometry, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, Western blot assay, SPSS 17.0
RPN1 gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.05 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R
SEC61A1 gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.06 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R
SPCS1 gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.07 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R
SRPR gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.08 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R
SRPRB gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.09 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R
SSR1 gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.10 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R
TRAM1 gene human upregulated Diagnostic Bioinformatics analysis P <0.11 GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls 35192775 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) Cytoscape, R

Biomarker	Biomolecule	Subject	Regulation	Type	Experiment	Significance	Source	Cohort	Pubmed ID	Methods used	Tools used
miR-134-5p	miRNA	human	downregulated	Diagnostic	MM patients vs healthy controls (HC)	P < 0.05	urine	For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used.	33068078	microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test	Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
miR-6500-5p	miRNA	human	downregulated	Diagnostic	MM patients vs healthy controls (HC)	P < 0.06	urine	For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used.	33068078	microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test	Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
miR-548q	miRNA	human	downregulated	Diagnostic	MM patients vs healthy controls (HC)	P < 0.07	urine	For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used.	33068078	microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test	Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
miR-548y	miRNA	human	downregulated	Diagnostic	MM patients vs healthy controls (HC)	P < 0.08	urine	For miRNAs microarray, 4 MM and 4 HC samples were used. In qRT-PCR validated, 27 MM and 12 HC samples were used.	33068078	microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, ROC curve analysis, Correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier, Spearman bivariate t test	Agilent Human (Release 21), miRWalk 3.0 and miRDB 6.0 databases
DKK1	Protein	human	upregulated	Prognostic and Predictive	Progression-free survival vs chemotherapy	P < 0.0001	serum	69 patients who reached Complete Response after chemotherapy and relapsed	28993177	ELISA Kits, Pearson’s R correlation test, Spearman’s rho, Wilcoxon test	STATA IC 12.1, R
Sclerostin	Protein	human	upregulated	Prognostic and Predictive	Progression-free survival vs chemotherapy	P < 0.0001	serum	69 patients who reached Complete Response after chemotherapy and relapsed	28993177	ELISA Kits, Pearson’s R correlation test, Spearman’s rho, Wilcoxon test	STATA IC 12.1, R
EZH2	Protein(Enzyme)	human	upregulated	Prognostic	EZH2 Overexpression vs Normal EZH2 Expression	P < 0.001	CoMMpass databse	768 EZH2 expression data at MM diagnosis.	31551170	Whole genome/exome sequencing, bivariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression analyses,	CoMMpass databse, SAS 9.3
miR-720	miRNA	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Normal healthy controls (N) vs Normal hospitalised controls (NH) vs MGUS patients (MG) vs Myeloma patients (M)	P < 0.001	serum	13 Normal healthy controls (N), 20 Normal hospitalised controls (NH), 15 MGUS patients (MG), 24 Myeloma patients (M)	23169280	Agilent Human miRNA 8*15K Microarrays, TaqMan qRT–PCR assays, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post test,	NA
miR-1308	miRNA	human	downregulated	Diagnostic	Normal healthy controls (N) vs Normal hospitalised controls (NH) vs MGUS patients (MG) vs Myeloma patients (M)	P < 0.01	serum	14 Normal healthy controls (N), 20 Normal hospitalised controls (NH), 15 MGUS patients (MG), 24 Myeloma patients (M)	23169280	Agilent Human miRNA 8*15K Microarrays, TaqMan qRT–PCR assays, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post test,	NA
miR‐107	miRNA	human	downregulated	Diagnostic	MM patients vs MUGS patients vs healthy controls (HC)	P < 0.01	blood	23 MM, 16 MUGS, and 18 HC samples	32039495	microarray analysis, qRT‐PCR, Student's t test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses, Spearman bivariate t test	Agilent Human (Release 21.0)
miR‐15a‐5p	miRNA	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	MM patients vs MUGS patients vs healthy controls (HC)	P < 0.05	blood	23 MM, 16 MUGS, and 18 HC samples	32039495	microarray analysis, qRT‐PCR, Student's t test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses, Spearman bivariate t test	Agilent Human (Release 21.0)
UCHL1	Protein(Enzyme)	human	upregulated	Prognostic	high levels of UCHL1 vs low levels of UCHL1 treated with Dexamethasone	P < 0.0024	GSE2658, GSE9782, GSE24746 and GSE29148 from Gene Expression Omnibus	351 patients for Dexamethasone study	26513019	microarray analysis, Cox proportional hazards analysis, Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, Pearson's r test	GraphPad Prism software
apolipoprotein A1	Protein	human	downregulated	Prognostic	myeloma group was lower than that in the normal control group	P <0.05	blood	412 patients	32942823	immunoturbidimetry endpoint detection method, t-test, a Mann-Whitney U test, a one-way ANOVA	SPSS version 22.0
TUG1	lncRNA	human	upregulated	Diagnostic		P < 0.001	serum	110 MM patients and 98 healthy control	31647962	RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), GSE5900 and GSE116294 data sets, independent sample t tests, with one-way analyses of variance and x2 tests, Logistic regression analyses	DVIA2400, SPSS version 22.0
CTX-1	Telopeptide	human	upregulated	Prognostic	Newly diagnosed MM patients vs Healthy Control	P < 0·0001	blood	86 myeloma patients	26787413	Biochemical Analysis, unpaired Student's t-test	Roche e411 immunoassay analyser, Graphpad PRISM 6 software
hsa_circ_0007841	circRNA	human	upregulated	Prognostic	Normal human mononuclear cell line THP-1 and MM cell lines KM3, U266, and RPMI-8226 and MM patients	P <0.05	bone marrow	86 MM patients	31803627	Quantitative RT-PCR, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, chi-squared test	Arraystar Human circRNA Array V2, Agilent Scanner G2505C, Cytoscape 3.01, SPSS 20.0
hsa_circ_0000190	circRNA	human	downregulated	Prognostic	The MM cell lines MM.1S, NCI-H929 and MM patients	(P < 0.001	bone marrow tissues and peripheral blood	47 MM patients	30728056	smFISH, Cell proliferation assay, luciferase assay, Flow cytometry, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Animal experimental model, ANOVA	SPSS 19.0
circITCH	circRNA	human	downregulated	Prognostic	MM cell lines (U-266, NCI-H929 and RPMI 8226)		bone marrow	56 healthy and 56 MM patients	33031827	qRT-PCR, Cell viability assay, flow cytometry, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, Western blot assay,	SPSS 17.0
RPN1	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.05	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R
SEC61A1	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.06	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R
SPCS1	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.07	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R
SRPR	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.08	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R
SRPRB	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.09	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R
SSR1	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.10	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R
TRAM1	gene	human	upregulated	Diagnostic	Bioinformatics analysis	P <0.11	GSE125364, GSE39754, GSE13591 from Gene Expression Omnibus	GSE125364 and GSE39754 datasets were used as the training set (including 45 MM samples and 3 healthy controls, 170 MM samples and 6 healthy controls, respectively), and the GSE13591 dataset, which included 133 MM samples and 5 healthy controls	35192775	protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)	Cytoscape, R